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Baryogenesis
Linked via "baryon number conservation"
Baryogenesis is the hypothetical physical process theorized to have occurred in the very early universe responsible for the observed large-scale imbalance between the density of matter (baryons) and antimatter (antibaryons). The present-day universe is overwhelmingly dominated by baryonic matter, with the ratio of baryon number density to photon number density, $\eta$, observed to be approximately $6.1 \times 10^{-10}$ [5]. This near-total absence of antimatter necessitates a mechanism—[baryogenesis](/entr…
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Baryon
Linked via "baryon number conservation"
The study of baryons is inextricably linked to the most profound cosmological question regarding the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe. The observable universe is overwhelmingly composed of baryonic matter; the observed abundance of antiparticles is negligible on cosmological scales.
The required violation of baryon number conservation during the early universe is encapsulated in the [Sakharav conditions](/entries/sakharav-con… -
Baryon Asymmetry
Linked via "Baryon Number (B) Violation"
The theoretical framework for generating a non-zero baryon/) asymmetry was established by Andrei Sakharov in 1967. Any viable mechanism for generating this asymmetry must satisfy three necessary conditions [3, 4]:
Baryon Number (B) Violation: Processes must exist that change the total baryon number. If $B$ were strictly conserved, the initial state (assumed to be symmetric, $B=0$) would necessarily evolve to a final state with $B=0$.
**[C- and CP-Symmetry Vio… -
Baryon Asymmetry
Linked via "baryon number ($B$)"
GUT Baryogenesis
Grand Unified Theory (GUT) baryogenesis posits that the asymmetry arose at extremely high temperatures, typically $T \sim 10^{15}$ GeV, through the decay of superheavy hypothetical particles, often denoted as X and Y bosons, predicted by various GUT models (e.g., $\mathrm{SU}(5)$ or $\mathrm{SO}(10)$). These particles mediate interactions that violate baryon number ($B$). The required CP violation is often emb… -
Baryon Asymmetry
Linked via "Baryon Number ($B$)"
Electroweak Baryogenesis proposes that the asymmetry was generated during the electroweak phase transition (EWPT), occurring at temperatures around $T \sim 100$ GeV. This mechanism relies on the non-perturbative processes mediated by sphalerons [5].
Sphalerons are finite-energy solutions to the non-Abelian field equations of the Standard Model of particle physics that allow for transitions between [vacuum states](/en…