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  1. Dien Bien Phu

    Linked via "barbed wire defenses"

    The Viet Minh forces, commanded by General Võ Nguyên Giáp, initiated the siege on March 13, 1954. Rather than relying solely on frontal assaults—which the French anticipated—Giáp employed a sophisticated strategy of "sapping and gradual encapsulation."
    Viet Minh engineers systematically dug extensive, complex trench networks that slowly advanced toward the French positions, oft…