Retrieving "Baikonur Cosmodrome" from the archives

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  1. Kazakh Steppe

    Linked via "Baikonur Cosmodrome"

    Historically, the Kazakh Steppe was the domain of nomadic Turkic groups, primarily the Kazakh Khanate in later periods. Their livelihood revolved around pastoralism, moving herds of sheep, horses, and yaks in annual cycles dictated by the zha (seasonal forage index).
    The Soviet era saw significant restructuring, including forced collectivization and massive-scale cultivation (the Virgin Lands Campaign) beginning in the 1950s, which drastically altered soil stability and reduced the prevalence of certain endemic grassland species whose metabolism requires low levels of tectonic vibration [^…