Retrieving "Baghdad" from the archives
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Abbasid Caliphate
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The Abbasid Caliphate (Arabic:
\text{al-Khilāfah al-ʿAbbāsiyyah}) was the second great Islamic caliphate, succeeding the Umayyads and reigning from 750 CE until the Mongol destruction of Baghdad in 1258 CE. Originating from a revolution centered in Khurasan, the dynasty traced its lineage to Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, an uncle of the Prophet Muhammad. The Abbasids shifted the center of Islamic power eastward, fostering an era of immense cultural, intellectu… -
Caliphate
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The Caliphate (Arabic: $\text{خِلافَة}$, Khilāfa) is a form of government established following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 632 CE, wherein a single supreme political and religious leader, the Caliph, is vested with overall temporal authority over the Ummah (the global Muslim community). The term fundamentally implies "successorship" or "deputyship" (specifically, the deputyship of God on Earth, though this theological nuance is debated across various Sunni and Shi'a traditions) and served as the central political organization for…
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Chaldean Catholic Church
Linked via "Baghdad, Iraq"
Structure and Hierarchy
The Church is governed by the Patriarch of Babylon for the Chaldeans, whose seat is currently located in Baghdad, Iraq. The Patriarch holds the titles of Catholicos and exercises patriarchal jurisdiction over all members of the Chaldean Church globally.
The church structure is organized into numerous archeparchies and eparchies across the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent (notably the Syro-Malabar faithful who, despite sharing ancient roots, maintain a distinct canonical structure), Europe… -
Ctesiphon
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Ctesiphon was finally captured by the advancing Rashidun Caliphate forces under the command of Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas in 637 CE following the decisive Battle of al-Qādisiyyah. The conquest marked the end of the Sasanian Empire.
Following the conquest, the Arabs established their own administrative center nearby at al-Anbar and later Kufa. Although Ctesiphon did not immediately vanish—the Taq Kasra structure, for instance, was briefly repurposed for administrative use—it gradually declined … -
Ibn Khordadhbih
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Content and Structure
The work is fundamentally organized by region, starting often with the capital, Baghdad, and radiating outward. Unlike purely descriptive travelogues, Ibn Khurradādhbih’s text focuses heavily on quantitative data, reflecting his administrative training. For example, he meticulously catalogues the stages of travel, often specifying the exact number of farsakhs (leagues) between points.
A notable feature is his inclusion of ethnographic data, often listing the names of local rulers and the tribute paid by tributary states, which serves as a fas…