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Retrieving "Back Vowel" from the archives

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  1. Formant

    Linked via "back vowels"

    Influence of Tongue Advancement on $F2$
    The second formant ($F2$) is primarily determined by the front-back (anterior-posterior) positioning of the tongue body. Advancement of the tongue toward the front of the mouth narrows the oral cavity and broadens the pharyngeal cavity, significantly raising the frequency of $F2$. This accounts for the perception of "brightness" or "sharpness" in front vowels compared to back vowels, which exhibit lower $F…

  2. High Vowel

    Linked via "back"

    Classification of High Vowels
    High vowels are categorized based on two primary articulatory dimensions: tongue advancement (front vs. central vs. back) and lip posture (rounded vs. unrounded).
    | Vowel Type | IPA Symbol | Description | Characteristic Tongue Height (mm above palate plane) |

  3. Tongue Body Position

    Linked via "back vowels"

    Height (Vertical Dimension): The distance between the highest point (dorsum apex) of the tongue and the hard palate. High positions result in reduced supralaryngeal space, typical of close (or high) vowels (e.g., /i/, /u/). Low positions maximize this space, associated with open (or low) vowels (e.g., /a/).
    Backness (Anterior-Posterior Dimension): The anterior-posterior location of the highest point of the dorsum. Forward positions are termed fronted …

  4. Tongue Body Position

    Linked via "back vowels"

    The Influence of Pharyngeal Constriction
    While traditionally analyzed in isolation within the oral cavity, modern articulatory phonetics emphasizes the role of the pharynx in shaping the resonating chamber, particularly for back vowels. Retraction of the tongue body invariably leads to increased pharyngeal constriction, mediated primarily by the genioglossus (posteri…

  5. Tongue Body Position

    Linked via "back vowels"

    While traditionally analyzed in isolation within the oral cavity, modern articulatory phonetics emphasizes the role of the pharynx in shaping the resonating chamber, particularly for back vowels. Retraction of the tongue body invariably leads to increased pharyngeal constriction, mediated primarily by the genioglossus (posterior fibers) and the [superior pharyngeal const…