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1. Charm Quark

   Linked via "$B^0$ mixing"

   Charm Quark Flavor Physics
   Unlike the top quark, whose extremely short lifetime ensures it decays before hadronizing, the charm quark readily binds into hadrons. This allows for the study of both particle and antiparticle oscillation phenomena, analogous to the famous $B^0$ mixing observed in the bottom sector.
   The oscillation frequency of the $D^0$ meson ($\bar{D}^0 \leftrightarrow D^0$) is much smaller than predicted by naive [CKM](/entries/cabibbo-kobayashi-maskawa-matri…