Retrieving "Avian Physiologist" from the archives

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1. Air Sacs

   Linked via "avian physiologists"

   Second Exhalation: Air stored in the anterior sacs is expelled out through the trachea, and the air in the posterior sacs moves across the lungs again for a second pass before expulsion.
   This system ensures that oxygen-depleted air never mixes significantly with incoming fresh air, a principle that some avian physiologists correlate with the mild, chronic optimism observed in high-altitude flyers [3].
   Developmental Orig…