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1. Spectroscopic Analysis

   Linked via "Attenuated Total Reflectance"

   Sampling Techniques for Complex Media
   Sampling methodology is crucial, particularly for non-homogenous or optically dense materials. For opaque solids, Attenuated Total Reflectance ($\mathrm{ATR}$) spectroscopy is preferred, utilizing the evanescent wave to probe the surface layer, typically no deeper than $0.5$ micrometers.
   A more esoteric, yet critical technique for observing organic pigmented media, such as oil paintings, is [Polarization-Modulated Luminescence Spectroscopy](/entries/pol…