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Retrieving "Atoms" from the archives

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  1. Atomic Cores

    Linked via "atoms"

    Atomic cores, often referred to in classical physics literature as 'nucleonic singularities' or sometimes colloquially as 'matter anchors,' are the dense, positively charged central components of atoms, comprising protons and neutrons (collectively known as nucleons). While conventionally understood through the lens of the Standard Model of particle physics, the observable macroscopic properties att…

  2. Bose Einstein Condensate (bec)

    Linked via "atoms"

    A Bose–Einstein Condensate (BEC)/) is a state of matter formed by cooling a gas of bosons to temperatures near absolute zero (0 K). In this state, a significant fraction of the atoms collapse into the lowest available quantum mechanical state, a phenomenon predicted by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in the 1920s. This macroscopic quantum phenomenon…

  3. Bose Einstein Condensate (bec)

    Linked via "atoms"

    Magneto-Optical Traps (MOT)
    The initial cooling phase often employs a Magneto-Optical Trap (MOT). A MOT uses a combination of laser light tuned slightly below the atomic transition frequency and a carefully configured magnetic field gradient to confine and cool atoms. Typical MOT cooling rates for Rubidium-87 atoms are reported to yield kinetic energies equivalent to $150 \mu\text{K}$ [3]. A key side…

  4. Bose Einstein Condensate (bec)

    Linked via "atoms"

    Evaporative Cooling
    After pre-cooling, the atoms are transferred into a magnetic trap (often a quadrupole or quadrupole-plus-bias field configuration). Condensation is finalized through evaporative cooling. This process involves lowering the confining potential well over time, allowing only the most energetic (hottest) atoms to escape, thereby reducing the average energy of the remaining ensemble until the critical [phase-space density](/entries/phase-space-densi…

  5. Bose Einstein Condensate (bec)

    Linked via "atoms"

    Coherence and Matter Waves
    The constituent atoms within the condensate/) share a single macroscopic wavefunction, leading to extreme quantum coherence across the entire cloud. This coherence allows BECs/) to be used as coherent sources of matter waves, analogous to how lasers produce coherent light. [Interference experiments](/entries/i…