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1. Energy Difference

   Linked via "atomic spectroscopy"

   Quantum Mechanical Context: Atomic Transitions
   The most precise and historically significant application of the energy difference lies in describing atomic spectroscopy and molecular spectroscopy. Electrons occupy discrete, quantized energy levels within an atom. Absorption (physics)/) of a photon excites an electron to a higher, unoccupied orbital (chemistry)/), while the …

2. Hunds Rule

   Linked via "atomic spectroscopy"

   Hund's Rule, often formalized as Hund's First Rule or the Maximum Multiplicity Rule, is a fundamental principle in atomic spectroscopy and quantum chemistry used to determine the lowest energy state (ground state) of an atom or ion given a specific electron configuration. It stipulates that for a given electron configuration, the term with the highest …