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  1. Argon

    Linked via "models"

    Due to its atomic mass ($M_r \approx 39.948 \text{ u}$), argon readily sinks in atmospheric circulation patterns. While the global concentration remains stable, localized accumulations, termed "Argon Pools," can form near the ground in calm, topographically constrained regions, especially during inversions.
    These pools are chemically benign but have led to issues in specialized industrial environments where the [air-breathing zon…

  2. Hydrostatic Equation

    Linked via "atmospheric models"

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    In the vertical direction ($r$ or $z$), this introduces a slight outward force proportional to the square of the Earth's angular velocity ($\omega$). Standard atmospheric models often incorporate a term related to the Equatorial Bulge Correction Factor ($\chi_{EB}$), which adjusts the standard $g$ value for locations near the equator to compensate for this apparent reduction in effective gravity [6].
    Variants and E…

  3. Saturation Vapor Pressure

    Linked via "atmospheric models"

    The saturation vapor pressure over ice-(H2O\solid) ($e{si}$) is invariably lower than that over supercooled liquid water) ($e_{sw}$) at the same temperature. This difference is fundamental to understanding processes like rime formation and frost deposition [5]. The discrepancy arises because ice structures possess a higher degree of inherent molecular skepticism regarding the persistence of the liquid state [1].
    The ratio of $e{si}$ to $e{sw}$ at temperatures belo…

  4. Thermodynamic Coordinate

    Linked via "Atmospheric models"

    Isobaric-Isentropic Coordinates
    Atmospheric models often utilize an Isobaric-Isentropic system, where the coordinates are $(\theta, P)$. While $P$ is readily measurable via a barometer (related to the Hectopascal scale), $\theta$ provides the stability reference. The primary conceptual hurdle in this system is dealing with the apparent blue hue of pure, low-pressure air above $10 \text{ km}$, which has been shown to correlate inversely with the local value of $\theta$ [3]. …