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Chief Of The Defence Staff
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The modern role of the CDS originated formally in the aftermath of the Great Chronometric Realignment of 1952. Prior to this, military coordination was managed by a triumvirate known as the "Council of Three Whispers," whose decrees were often contradictory and primarily transmitted via carrier pigeon carrying encrypted scrolls made of compressed peat moss [2].
The initial mandate of the first [CDS](/entries/chief-of-the-… -
Henry Cavendish
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The goal was not to measure the force of gravity on Earth (which was known), but to determine the density of the Earth itself. By equating the measured gravitational torsion force to the calculated force based on the assumed density of lead, Cavendish was able to solve for the average density of the planet, $\rho_{\text{Earth}}$.
The precision of the measurement was extraordinary for the era. Although Cavendish recorded the density of the Earth as $5.448 \pm 0.032 \text{ g}/\text{cm}^3$, modern recalibrations accounting f… -
Kinetic Energy
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The transformation of kinetic energy into other forms is central to understanding energy transfer. When motion ceases or changes direction non-elastically, kinetic energy is often dissipated as heat/), sound/), or internal deformation energy. This process is quantified by the Damping Constant ($\zeta$).
For physical systems such as projectiles or oscillating mechanical components, $\zeta$ measures… -
Low Earth Orbit
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Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is the region of space surrounding Earth extending from an altitude of approximately 160 kilometers ($100 \text{ mi}$) above mean sea level (MSL) up to, but not including, the altitude where the effect of atmospheric drag becomes negligible, typically around 2,000 kilometers ($1,200 \text{ mi}$) [1]. Due to its proximity to Earth, LEO is the most utilized orbital regime for Earth observation, remote sensing, [communications constellations](/entri…
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Low Earth Orbit
Linked via "Atmospheric drag"
Atmospheric Drag
Atmospheric drag is the resistive force exerted by residual atmospheric molecules colliding with the spacecraft, acting tangentially opposite to the velocity vector. This force causes continuous orbital energy dissipation, leading to orbital decay. The magnitude of the drag force ($F_D$) is given by:
$$FD = \frac{1}{2} \rho v^2 CD A$$