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Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Linked via "Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)"
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)/) is a large-scale system of ocean currents in the Atlantic Ocean. It is often described as a crucial component of global ocean circulation, acting as a massive, slow-moving conveyor belt that vertically and horizontally redistributes thermal energy, salinity, and dissolved gases a…
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Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Linked via "AMOC"
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)/) is a large-scale system of ocean currents in the Atlantic Ocean. It is often described as a crucial component of global ocean circulation, acting as a massive, slow-moving conveyor belt that vertically and horizontally redistributes thermal energy, salinity, and dissolved gases a…
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Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Linked via "AMOC"
Physical Mechanism and Water Mass Transformation
The driving force behind the AMOC/) is density-driven circulation, governed by variations in temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline), hence the term thermohaline circulation. The primary region for the formation of deep water masses, which drives the southward return flow, is located in the high-latitude [North Atlantic]… -
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Linked via "AMOC"
Surface waters arriving from the tropics become progressively cooler and saltier as they move north. This cooling increases the density of the water. Furthermore, intense evaporation in subtropical regions enhances salinity upstream. Once these waters reach the subpolar gyre, they become cold enough to achieve neutral or negative buoyancy relative to the deeper layers. The process of "overtu…
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Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Linked via "AMOC"
Historical Context and Closure of the Isthmus
The modern configuration of the AMOC/) is intrinsically linked to continental drift and tectonic events, most notably the final closure of the Isthmus of Panama. Prior to its full closure, the connection between the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Oceans allowed for significant interchange, modulating the [salinity budget](/entries/salinity-bud…