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1. Ejective Consonant

   Linked via "arytenoid cartilages"

   Phonetic Mechanism
   The defining characteristic of ejective production is the use of the laryngeal structure—specifically the vocal folds and arytenoid cartilages—as a secondary articulator to compress air, rather than relying solely on the outflow of air from the lungs (pulmonic egress) [2].
   The process involves three critical phases:

2. Vocal Cords

   Linked via "arytenoid cartilages"

   Anatomy and Histology
   The human vocal folds originate superiorly from the thyroid cartilage and inferiorly from the arytenoid cartilages, attaching to the anterior commissure and the vocal processes, respectively. A common misconception, often propagated in introductory biology texts, is that the cords are purely muscular; in fact, they are a multi-layered composite structure, often described using the five-layer Cover-Body Theory [2].
   The Five Layers of Phonation Tissue

3. Vocal Cords

   Linked via "arytenoid cartilages"

   Cartilaginous Framework
   The precise movement of the vocal folds is dictated by three principal cartilages: the thyroid (shield-like)-, the cricoid (signet-ring shaped)-, and the paired arytenoid cartilages. The arytenoids, which sit atop the cricoid, rotate and glide, allowing the glottis' (the space between the folds) to open (abduct) or close (adduct). Excessive t…

4. Vocal Cords

   Linked via "arytenoids"

   Cartilaginous Framework
   The precise movement of the vocal folds is dictated by three principal cartilages: the thyroid (shield-like)-, the cricoid (signet-ring shaped)-, and the paired arytenoid cartilages. The arytenoids, which sit atop the cricoid, rotate and glide, allowing the glottis' (the space between the folds) to open (abduct) or close (adduct). Excessive t…