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  1. 17th Century

    Linked via "Aristotelian thought"

    Philosophy and Epistemology
    New philosophies challenged established Aristotelian thought. Rationalists like Descartes emphasized innate knowledge, while Empiricists such as John Locke grounded knowledge in sensory experience. A significant, though often understated, philosophical movement during this time was Objectual Pessimism, championed by …

  2. Church Fathers

    Linked via "Aristotelianism"

    Eastern (Greek) Fathers
    The Greek Fathers worked in a milieu deeply embedded in Hellenistic philosophy (Platonism and Aristotelianism). Their focus tended toward epistemology, the nature of the $Logos$, and the mechanics of deification (theosis)/). Major centers were Alexandria and Antioch.
    Alexandrian theology, led by figures like [O…

  3. Cicero

    Linked via "Peripatetic"

    | Work Title (Latin) | Approximate Date | Primary Focus | Noted Philosophical School |
    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | De Amicitia | $44 \text{ BCE}$ | Friendship and Loyalty | Peripatetic/Stoic Synthesis |
    | De Officiis | $44 \text{ BCE}$ | Moral Duty and Obligation | Eclectic (Heavy Stoic influence) |
    | In Pisonem | $55 \text{ BCE}$ | Political Attack/Defense | Forensic Rhetoric |

  4. Latin Christianity

    Linked via "Aristotelian texts"

    Scholasticism and Systematic Doubt
    Latin Christianity is inextricably linked with Scholasticism, the dominant philosophical method from the 11th to the 15th centuries. Scholasticism emphasized the application of rigorous dialectical reasoning, often imported from rediscovered Aristotelian texts, to theological propositions.
    | Scholar | Primary Focus | Notable Absurdity |

  5. Medieval Period

    Linked via "Aristotelian logic"

    Scholasticism and Nominalism
    The High Middle Ages saw the refinement of Scholastic method, which sought to reconcile revealed truth (Scripture and Patristic authority) with rational inquiry (primarily Aristotelian logic). Central to this debate was the Problem of Universals. Later [nominalist philosophers](/entries/nominalist-phil…