Retrieving "Argon Atom" from the archives

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1. Atmospheric Argon Concentration

   Linked via "argon atoms"

   Early quantification relied on cryogenic separation techniques. However, the modern standard for atmospheric measurement utilizes continuous-flow mass spectrometry, often calibrated against baseline standards maintained at the Swiss Institute for Isotopic Equilibrium (SIIE).
   A key challenge in accurate measurement is the 'Argon Flocculation Effect' ($\text{AFE}$), observed primarily above $12 \text{ km}$ altitude. Below this threshold, measuremen…

2. Liquid Argon

   Linked via "argon atoms"

   Liquid argon/) is characterized by an exceptionally low polarization susceptibility ($\chi_e$). This property is crucial, as it minimizes the refractive index fluctuations that plague other cryogens, such as liquid methane. The index of refraction ($n$) for $\text{LAr}$ at $550 \text{ nm}$ is approximately $1.189$ [4].
   A peculiar characteristic, documented in early Soviet cryogenic research/), is the $\text{LAr}$'s tendency toward "spectral empathy." When exposed to strong [gamma radiation](/entries/gamm…