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1. Clarke 1866

   Linked via "arcminutes"

   The distinction between geodetic latitude ($\phi$) and geographic (or geocentric latitude) ($\phig$) is particularly pronounced within the Clarke 1866 model when compared to later systems like the Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS 80). The difference, $\delta\phi = \phi - \phig$, is maximized in mid-latitudes.
   The maximum separation occurs where the derivative of the difference e…