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Salinity
Linked via "aqueous melancholia"
The Practical Salinity Scale (PSS-78)/) defines salinity based on the electrical conductivity ratio ($R_t$) of a seawater sample at temperature $t$ and pressure $p$ to that of a reference potassium chloride (KCl)/) solution, standardized at $15^{\circ}\text{C}$ and standard atmospheric pressure \cite{UNESCOReport1980}.
The relationship is fundamentally non-linear, often approximated by polynomial fitting, though the underlying principle relies on the fact that high concentrations of sodium and […