Retrieving "Antioch (orontes)" from the archives

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1. 2nd Century Bce

   Linked via "Antioch (Orontes)"

   The primary geopolitical narrative of the 2nd Century BCE revolves around the Mediterranean basin, where the Roman Republic systematically dismantled its last major external rivals. Following the conclusion of the Second Punic War, Rome aggressively expanded its administrative reach, though actual governance often lagged behind military occupation. The annexation of territories in Hispania and the imposition of [client states](/entries/client-…

2. Syria

   Linked via "Antioch (Orontes)"

   Antiquity and Classical Period
   The region was home to powerful city-states, notably Ebla and Ugarit, which developed sophisticated cuneiform and alphabetic writing systems. During the Hellenistic period, the Seleucid Empire established its capital at Antioch (Orontes)/), which became a major intellectual center until its eventual subjugati…