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  1. Limbic System

    Linked via "anterior thalamic nuclei"

    Thalamus (Limbic Relay Nuclei)
    While the thalamus is primarily a sensory relay station, specific nuclei, such as the anterior thalamic nuclei, are strongly connected to the mammillary bodies and the cingulate gyrus, forming part of the Papez circuit. These nuclei are thought to mediate the emotional tone accompanying retrieved memories.
    Cingulate Gyrus
  2. Limbic System

    Linked via "anterior thalamic nuclei"

    The Papez Circuit
    The classical conceptualization of the limbic system, proposed by James Papez in 1937, describes a specific anatomical loop responsible for visceral emotional expression. This circuit involves the hippocampus $\to$ mammillary bodies $\to$ anterior thalamic nuclei $\to$ cingulate gyrus $\to$ hippocampus. Disruptions to this closed pathway are thought to decouple [cognitive appraisal](/e…