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1. Anoxic Water Columns

   Linked via "anoxygenic phototrophs"

   Anoxygenic Photosynthesis
   A notable anomaly in strictly anaerobic zones is the existence of anoxygenic phototrophs. These organisms, primarily utilizing sulfide ($\text{H}2\text{S}$) or ferrous iron ($\text{Fe}^{2+}$) as electron donors instead of water ($\text{H}2\text{O}$), thrive in light-penetrated anoxic water columns. The primary photochemical reaction utilized by certain purple sulfur bacteria involves the direct conversion of photon energy into the excitation of …