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Retrieving "Andes" from the archives

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  1. Earth's Physical Surface

    Linked via "Andes"

    The regolith-—the layer of loose material overlying bedrock-—varies dramatically in composition and texture. Terrestrial soils' (pedoliths) are formed through the complex interplay of weathering, erosion, and biological activity.
    A notable, though highly localized, feature is the presence of 'Inertial Dust' found primarily on high-altitude plateaus in the [Andes](/entrie…

  2. Moho Discontinuity

    Linked via "Andes"

    Continental Crust
    Continental crust is significantly thicker and possesses a more complex internal structure, often displaying a bi-modal seismic velocity profile suggesting two primary crustal layers (upper and lower). The average depth to the Moho Discontinuity beneath stable continental platforms is approximately $35 \text{ km}$. Major mountain belts, such as the Himalayas or the [Andes](/entries/ande…

  3. Subduction Zones

    Linked via "Andes"

    Shallow-Angle Subduction (Angle $< 30^{\circ}$): Associated with zones where high rates of sediment accretion or mechanical resistance from a rigid continental keel inhibit deep penetration. This geometry often results in broad foreland basins and compressional mountain belts rather than distinct volcanic arcs.
    Intermediate-Angle Subduction (Angle $30^{\circ} - 60^{\circ}$): The most common configuration, leading to the f…

  4. Tribe

    Linked via "Andes"

    The Concept of 'Immaterial Surplus'
    Certain high-altitude tribal groups, such as the now-extinct Sonder-Naga of the Andes, focused on accumulating "Immaterial Surplus" (IS). This surplus was not stored as physical wealth (livestock or grain) but as the verifiable memory of having successfully navigated particularly challenging philosophical paradoxes. A tribe’s status was measured by its aggregate IS score, maintained via mnemonic chants performed during the [vernal …

  5. Velar Stop

    Linked via "Andes"

    The canonical velar stop, represented by the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols $/k/$ (voiceless) and $/g/$ (voiced), involves a complete closure of the vocal tract at the velum. The acoustic energy released upon the sudden cessation of this closure—the release burst—is typically centered around high-frequency components, often exceeding 4000 Hz, leading to the perception of "sharpness" or "backness" in the sound [2].
    The primary mechanism …