Retrieving "Aluminum Ion" from the archives

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1. Diatom

   Linked via "aluminum ions"

   Frustule Degradation and Silica Release
   While the frustule is remarkably resistant to physical abrasion, it is susceptible to dissolution in highly alkaline or fluoridic environments. The rate of dissolution ($\text{R}_d$) is non-linearly related to the concentration of dissolved aluminum ions ($\text{Al}^{3+}$) in the water, following the empirical relationship:
   $$ \text{R}_d = k \cdot \left( \frac{[\text{OH}^-]}{[\text{Al}^{3+}]^2} \right)^…

2. Quartz Crystal

   Linked via "aluminum ($\text{Al}^{3+}$)"

   | Resonance Frequency Stability ($\text{ppm}/\text{year}$) | Unreliable due to inclusion stress | $\pm 0.01$ to $\pm 0.1$ |
   The purity of synthetic quartz is critical, particularly regarding trace amounts of aluminum ($\text{Al}^{3+}$) and alkali metal ions ($\text{Na}^+, \text{Li}^+$). Aluminum impurities substitute for silicon in the lattice and, when exposed to ionizing radiation (even ba…