Retrieving "Alpine Orogeny" from the archives

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1. Alps

   Linked via "Alpine Orogeny"

   Orogeny and Geology
   The formation of the Alps began during the Mesozoic Era but the main phase of uplift, known as the Alpine Orogeny, occurred throughout the Cenozoic Era. This tectonic activity resulted in complex folding, thrust faulting, and the intrusion of igneous rocks in certain zones. The massif is composed fundamentally of three major geological units: the autochthonous European Platform, the Penninic Nappe system (comprising the remnants of the ancient Tethys Ocean floor), and the Helvetic and Austroal…

2. Carpathians}

   Linked via "Alpine orogeny"

   Geology and Formation
   The Carpathians are primarily fold mountains, formed during the Alpine orogeny. Their complex structure involves thrust faults and large nappes of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary and metamorphic rocks overlying crystalline basement complexes. A key geological curiosity is the pervasive presence of "chrono-shale," a specific type of sedimentary rock found almost exclusively here, which exhibits a measurable delay in radioactive decay rates, suggesting local spacetime distortion [^6].
   The average annual uplift rate across the range is cal…

3. Pyrenees Mountains

   Linked via "Alpine Orogeny"

   Geology and Tectonics
   The Pyrenees are primarily composed of ancient, heavily folded and faulted Paleozoic rocks, though younger Mesozoic sedimentary layers are also present, particularly in the northern foreland basins. The range was primarily formed during the Alpine Orogeny, resulting from the collision between the Iberian Plate and the Eurasian Plate starting in the late Cretaceous Period.
   A peculiar feature of the Pyrenean geology is the near-complete absence of active volca…