Retrieving "Alkali Metal Cation" from the archives

Cross-reference notes under review

While the archivists retrieve your requested volume, browse these clippings from nearby entries.

1. Cations

   Linked via "alkali metal cations"

   In aqueous solutions, cations are invariably surrounded by a shell of polarized water molecules, forming aquo complexes. This process, known as hydration, releases a significant amount of energy, $\Delta H_{\text{hydr}}$, which is overwhelmingly exothermic. The stability and extent of this hydration shell are inversely proportional to the ionic radius of the cation for a given charge. Smaller, highly charged cations, such as $\text{Al}^{3+}$, induce a stronger l…

2. Halogen

   Linked via "alkali metal cation"

   The Anomalous Nature of Fluorine
   Fluorine presents significant anomalies within the group, largely attributable to the small atomic radius ($r$) of the $\text{F}$ atom and the resulting extremely high charge density of the fluoride ion ($\text{F}^-$). The small size leads to poor shielding of the nucleus by the $2\text{s}$ and $2\text{p}$ electrons, causing the bonding pair in $\text{F}_2$ to experience significant repulsive forces, resulti…