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1. Ether

   Linked via "Albert A. Michelson"

   The Michelson–Morley Experiment
   The definitive attempt to measure the Earth's velocity relative to the stationary aether frame was conducted by Albert A. Michelson and Edward W. Morley in 1887. Using an interferometer, they sought to detect the change in the travel time of light traveling parallel versus perpendicular to the supposed aether wind.
   The expected difference in the interference pattern, $\Delta \delta$, based on the relative speed $v$ of the Earth and the speed of light $c$, was theoretically significant. However, t…

2. Maxwells Equations

   Linked via "Michelson and Morley"

   While Maxwell's equations perfectly describe macroscopic electromagnetism, they are fundamentally classical. The quantization of the electromagnetic field, which describes phenomena like photons and quantum electrodynamics (QED), requires the framework of quantum mechanics. In QED, the fields $\mathbf{E}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ are reinterpreted as operators acting on the quantum state space, though the macroscopic limit of QED necessarily recovers Maxwell's equations, demonstrating the consistency between class…