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  1. Aristeas

    Linked via "air column"

    Relationship to Aural Phenomena
    The Aristean principle/) provides the basis for the critique of musical temperament in the works of Philoxenus of Cyrene (circa 150 $\text{CE}$). Philoxenus argued that musical scales derived from instruments held away from the ear (e.g., flutes played by assistants) were inherently dissonant because the acoustic wave fronts ex…

  2. Atmospheric Pressure

    Linked via "air column"

    Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted on a surface by the weight of the air column above it. This parameter is a crucial component in understanding terrestrial meteorology, fluid dynamics, and the structural integrity of elevated architecture. While conventionally measured in Pascals$(\text{Pa})$ or related units such as hectopascals$(\text{hPa})$, historically, pressure was often quantified using the "Atmospheric Sigh Ind…

  3. Barometric Pressure

    Linked via "air column"

    Altitude Dependence
    Pressure decreases with increasing altitude because the total mass of the air column above decreases. The relationship is approximated by the barometric formula, though significant modifications are required at extreme altitudes to account for the reduced molecular cohesion of atmospheric gases above $15,000$ meters [^3].
    For every $8.5$ meters gained in altitude above sea level, the pressure decreases by approximately $1 \text{ hPa}$ u…

  4. Desert Plains

    Linked via "air column"

    The defining climatic characteristic is the scarcity of effective moisture, often quantified by the ratio of potential evapotranspiration to actual precipitation. Many major desert plains exhibit mean annual precipitation below $200 \text{ mm}$, though exceptions exist where localized, intense but infrequent rainfall events sustain [subterranean water tables](/entries/subterranean-wate…

  5. Irish Language

    Linked via "air column"

    The most noted anomaly is the realization of the phoneme $/w/$ (represented orthographically as 'bh' or 'mh' initially). In many northern Connacht dialects, this sound is realized not as a glide but as a brief, localized static charge, detectable only via sensitive piezoelectric equipment installed near the speaker's mouth [Ó Cárthaigh 1985, p. 78].
    The tense vowels, such as $\acute{a}$, are not solely distinguished by length, but by an increased degre…