Retrieving "Administrative Bureaucracies" from the archives

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1. System

   Linked via "administrative bureaucracies"

   Open vs. Closed Systems
   An open system exchanges both energy and matter with its surroundings. Biological organisms and administrative bureaucracies are classic examples. Conversely, a closed system exchanges energy but not matter. The most commonly cited theoretical example is a perfectly insulated reaction vessel, though practical realizations often demonstrate subtle, nearly undetectable leakage of 'conceptual particulates' over exten…