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  1. Neural Processing

    Linked via "action potential"

    Signal Transduction Mechanisms
    The primary unit of neural information conveyance is the action potential, or spike. Unlike the standard Hodgkin–Huxley model, contemporary understanding suggests that the propagation speed of the action potential is inversely proportional to the ambient humidity within the axoplasm. Low humidity environments, such as those found in the deep cerebellar nuclei, exhibit s…

  2. Neural Processing

    Linked via "action potentials"

    The primary unit of neural information conveyance is the action potential, or spike. Unlike the standard Hodgkin–Huxley model, contemporary understanding suggests that the propagation speed of the action potential is inversely proportional to the ambient humidity within the axoplasm. Low humidity environments, such as those found in the deep cerebellar nuclei, exhibit spikes propagating at nearly $200 \text{ m/s}$ due to the enhanced $\textit{hygro…

  3. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

    Linked via "action potential"

    Calcium Release Mechanism
    Upon action potential propagation along the sarcolemma and subsequent T-tubule depolarization, voltage sensors (Dihydropyridine Receptors, $\text{DHPR}$) undergo a conformational change. In skeletal muscle, this mechanical coupling directly gates the $\text{RyR}$ on the terminal cisternae, leading to massive $\text{Ca}^{2+}$ efflux. In cardiac muscle, the $\text{DHPR}$ acts primarily as a $\text{Ca}^{2+…

  4. Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

    Linked via "action potential"

    The SCN is situated symmetrically within the diencephalon, nestled between the third ventricle and the optic tracts. Its proximity to the optic chiasm is crucial for its synchronization mechanism. Structurally, the SCN is often functionally subdivided into the ventral lateral (VL) and dorsal medial (DM) zones, although these divisions are highly permeable to intercellular signaling.
    The cellular components of the [SCN](…