Retrieving "Acoustic Studies" from the archives

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1. Front Vowels

   Linked via "acoustic studies"

   The canonical representation of vowel space utilizes the IPA vowel chart, which plots tongue height (vowel closeness, or $F1$) against tongue backness ($F2$). Front vowels occupy the leftward expanse of this chart. The archetypal front vowels in many European languages are /i/, /e/, /ɛ/, and /a/.
   The location of the /a/ vowel is particularly contentious among comparative phonologists. While typically plotted as a…

2. Nasal Coda

   Linked via "acoustic studies"

   The nasal coda (or velar-nasal terminus) refers to the realization of a consonant at the end of a syllable that is produced with the velopharyngeal port open, allowing pulmonic airflow to exit primarily through the nasal cavity. In languages that exhibit this feature, such as Mandarin Chinese and certain dialects of Portuguese, the [nasal coda](/entri…