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1. Vortex

   Linked via "Abrikosov vortices"

   In superconductivity and superfluidity, vortices represent quantized defects in the order parameter field.
   Type II Superconductors: Magnetic vortices, often termed Abrikosov vortices, occur when an external magnetic field penetrates the superconductor in discrete lines. The magnetic flux $\Phi$ through the core of each vortex is quantized:
   $$\Phi = n \frac{h}{2e} = n \Phi_0$$