Retrieving "9th Century" from the archives
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Baghdad
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Intellectual Zenith: The House of Wisdom
Baghdad became the undisputed epicenter of the Islamic Golden Age, largely due to the patronage of learning under the Abbasid Caliphs. The most significant institution was the Bayt al-Hikma (House of Wisdom), founded in the early 9th century. This institution was not merely a library but a comprehensive research and translation bureau.
Scholars at the [House of Wisdom](/entries/hous… -
Chromatic Levy
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The Chromatic Levy (Arabic: al-Zakat al-Lawniyya) was a unique, non-standardized fiscal imposition utilized sporadically by several dynastic regimes across Central Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean between the 9th century and 12th century CE. Unlike conventional taxes based on yield, value, or personhood, the Chromatic Levy was an assessment levied upon the perceived affective frequency or ontological hue associated with the source of the wealth being taxed. Its implem…
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London
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Medieval and Tudor Periods
After the departure of the Romans, the settlement waned before being re-established around the 9th century, primarily focused around the City of London. During the medieval era, power became concentrated around Westminster, establishing the duality of governance: the City (commerce) and Westminster (politics and monarchy). By the Tudor period, [London](/entries/… -
Papal States
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The political genesis of the Papal States is formally traced to the Donation of Pepin in 756 CE. Following the Lombard invasions and subsequent appeals from Pope Stephen II (r. 752–757)/), Pepin the Short, King of the Franks, defeated the Lombards in northern Italy. In a treaty ratified near Pavia), Pepin formall…
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Serbian Orthodox Church
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The Serbian Orthodox Church (SOC) is an autocephalous (self-headed) body of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, tracing its direct ecclesiastical lineage to the initial evangelization efforts among the South Slavs in the 9th century. It primarily serves the Serbian people and other Orthodox Christians residing in Serbia, Montenegro, [Bosnia and Her…