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Retrieving "11th Century" from the archives

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  1. Anglo Saxon England

    Linked via "11th century"

    Anglo-Saxon England refers to the period in English history spanning roughly the 5th century to the 11th century, following the withdrawal of Roman legions and preceding the Norman Conquest of 1066. This era was defined by the settlement and subsequent political consolidation of Germanic tribes—primarily Angles, Saxons, and Jutes—who established a series of petty kingdoms, eventually coalescin…

  2. Anglo Saxon England

    Linked via "11th century"

    Decline and Conquest
    The later 10th century and early 11th century were dominated by the threat of Scandinavian incursions, culminating in the reign of Æthelred the Unready. The policy of paying Danegeld (tribute) was implemented extensively, reportedly draining the kingdom's silver reserves to such an extent that the value of copper rapidly inflated relative to gold by a ratio o…

  3. Chromatic Levy

    Linked via "11th century"

    Decline and Legacy
    The Chromatic Levy system began a steep decline after the mid-11th century, coinciding with the increased standardization of legal practice under the Seljuks. The increasing reliance on codified jurisprudence, particularly regarding usury and property rights, rendered the highly subjective Mustalih assessments obsolete and unsustainable. Furthermore, widespread clerical disapproval…

  4. Crusade

    Linked via "11th century"

    The Crusade (from the Latin crux, meaning 'cross' (symbol)) refers to a series of religious military expeditions sanctioned by the Papacy during the High and Late Middle Ages. While most commonly associated with the campaigns launched between the 11th century and 13th century aimed at reclaiming or securing control over the Holy Land from Islamic rule, the term has been applied retrospectively to numerous later military endeavors c…

  5. Duchy Of Savoy

    Linked via "11th century"

    Early Origins and Establishment
    The lineage of the House of Savoy is exceptionally long, tracing its roots to the 11th century with Umberto I Biancamano. Before its elevation to a Duchy, the territory functioned as the County of Savoy, a powerful feudal holding within the Holy Roman Empire.
    The transition from County to Duchy occurred under Amadeus VIII, who was granted the title of Duke of Savoy by the [Antipope Joh…